10/20/70 Rule
BusinessMcKinsey framework: 70% of value from processes/data/people, 20% from integration, 10% from AI technology. You build the 70% by deploying, not before.
Book context: Ch. 5
Every term from The AI Workforce Playbook and the broader AI automation stack - defined in plain English for non-technical business leaders. Use this as a reference while reading the book, while building your first workflows, or whenever you encounter a term that stops you cold.
Glossary of Terms
102 TermsMcKinsey framework: 70% of value from processes/data/people, 20% from integration, 10% from AI technology. You build the 70% by deploying, not before.
Book context: Ch. 5
An AI system that doesn't just respond to prompts but takes autonomous or semi-autonomous actions - browsing the web, sending emails, updating records.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; all Plays
Software that performs tasks typically requiring human thinking - analyzing data, drafting content, making decisions based on patterns.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; used throughout
The connection point that lets two pieces of software talk to each other. When AI tools 'integrate' with your CRM, an API makes it possible.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; all Plays
A unique credential that identifies your account when making API calls. Like a password for software-to-software communication.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1; all Plays
Money owed to your firm for services rendered. Play 6 automates follow-up on overdue AR.
Book context: Play 6
Running a process in the background without waiting for it to complete. Used to split long-running n8n workflows to avoid timeouts.
Book context: Appendix C
Software for managing job applications and hiring pipelines. Used as output destination in Play 10.
Book context: Play 10
An alternative data enrichment platform for trigger event monitoring.
Book context: Play 3 - Monitoring
An alternative voice AI platform for building phone agents.
Book context: Play 2 - Voice Track
The total cost to acquire one new customer. Referenced in context of margin trap and ROI calculations.
Book context: Ch. 2
Redirecting time freed by automation toward higher-value work (client relationships, complex engagements, business development).
Book context: Ch. 3; Ch. 8
The process of managing the human side of automation: communication, training, resistance handling, role evolution.
Book context: Ch. 3; Ch. 7
OpenAI's consumer product. Not the same as using the OpenAI API - ChatGPT is a conversational interface; the API is for building systems.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide
An AI model exceptional at writing, synthesis, nuance, and long-form generation. Recommended for client communications and meeting briefs.
Book context: Ch. 6; Appendix B
Anthropic's coding tool. Can generate chatbot interfaces, integration code, and other technical components from natural language descriptions.
Book context: Play 2 - Web Chat
A data enrichment platform that surfaces trigger events (job changes, funding, company updates) for contacts. Connects to n8n.
Book context: Play 3 - Monitoring
A probabilistic measure of how certain the AI is about its output. Used to determine whether output is auto-processed or routed to a human.
Book context: Ch. 5; all Plays
The minimum confidence score required for the AI to take an automated action. Below this, the item routes to the exception queue for human review. Start conservative (80%+); loosen over time as the system proves itself.
Book context: Ch. 5; Play 2
An automated morning email summary of account activity, flagged items, and overdue follow-ups delivered to each team member.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 5
Splitting large documents into smaller sections for indexing in a vector database. Each chunk gets its own embedding for search.
Book context: Play 11
An e-signature platform. Its completion webhook triggers onboarding automation in Play 5.
Book context: Play 5
A legal contract between your firm and an AI vendor that specifies how your data is handled, stored, and protected.
Book context: Security Chapter
A numerical representation of text that captures semantic meaning. Used to power vector search - similar meanings produce similar embeddings.
Book context: Play 11
A secure way to store sensitive information (like API keys) on your server, rather than putting them directly in workflow code.
Book context: Appendix A
Business management software that integrates financials, operations, and HR. Another potential integration point.
Book context: Ch. 6
A dedicated channel (Slack, Teams, or spreadsheet) where low-confidence AI outputs and workflow errors are routed for human review and action.
Book context: Ch. 5; all Plays
A retry strategy where wait time between retries increases exponentially. Used when hitting API rate limits.
Book context: Appendix C
A knowledge graph database optimized for fast context retrieval in chat-based AI.
Book context: Appendix B
An alternative meeting transcription tool.
Book context: Play 1 Prerequisites
The percentage of CRM fields that contain accurate, current data. Play 1 targets 95%+ from a typical starting point of 40-60%.
Book context: Play 1
Customizing a pre-trained AI model with your own data to improve performance on specific tasks. Not required for the Plays in this book.
Book context: General context
A meeting transcription tool that generates call transcripts and summaries. Integrates with n8n for CRM logging.
Book context: Play 1 Prerequisites
An open-source low-code tool for building LLM applications. Mentioned as a modern orchestration option.
Book context: Ch. 2
General Data Protection Regulation. EU data privacy law. Relevant for firms with European clients or operations.
Book context: Security Chapter
Google's AI model. Fast and inexpensive, especially the Flash version. Best for high-volume, lower-stakes tasks and web research.
Book context: Ch. 6; Appendix B
AI that creates new content (text, images, code) rather than simply analyzing existing data. LLMs are a type of generative AI.
Book context: Implied throughout
A revenue intelligence platform with call recording and transcription capabilities.
Book context: Play 1 Prerequisites
OpenAI's coding tool (ChatGPT). Can generate code for chatbot widgets and integrations.
Book context: Play 2 - Web Chat
Elon Musk's AI model from X (formerly Twitter). Best for personality in messaging and real-time news via X platform integration.
Book context: Ch. 6; Appendix B
When an AI generates specific claims - client names, case outcomes, dollar amounts - that are not in the source material. A known failure mode requiring human review.
Book context: Play 4; Play 9; Appendix C
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Governs health data privacy. Relevant for healthcare-adjacent consulting firms.
Book context: Security Chapter
Requiring human approval before an AI agent takes a specific action. Used for sensitive tasks (financial, client-facing) or when AI confidence is low.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; Ch. 5
A standard way to send data to or request data from a web service. Used in n8n to connect to any CRM or tool via its API.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2
Traditional phone menu systems ('Press 1 for sales...'). What modern voice AI like Retell replaces.
Book context: Play 2
A standard data format used by APIs. Looks like organized key-value pairs. AI models return data in JSON format for easy processing.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2; all Plays
A database that understands relationships between entities (people, companies, deals) - not just content similarity. More advanced than vector search alone.
Book context: Play 11 Optional
A framework for building AI applications. More developer-oriented than n8n. Mentioned as a modern orchestration option.
Book context: Ch. 2
The time delay between input and response. In voice AI, latency under 600-800ms is critical for natural conversation.
Book context: Play 2 - Voice
The engine behind AI writing and reasoning tools. Trained on massive text data, it predicts the most useful response to a given input. Examples: GPT, Claude, Gemini.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; Ch. 6
A hosted workflow automation alternative. Easier onboarding than n8n but per-task pricing and less flexibility.
Book context: Appendix B
A knowledge graph database optimized for real-time streaming analytics.
Book context: Appendix B
A system design where each component (orchestration, AI, CRM, communication) is independent and swappable without rebuilding.
Book context: Ch. 6
The simplest working version of a system. Build the MVP first, then iterate. Referenced in Play 11 for vector-only before adding knowledge graphs.
Book context: Play 11
An open-source workflow automation platform that connects your tools and AI models. The orchestration layer for all Plays in this book.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; Ch. 6; all Plays
The branch of AI focused on understanding and generating human language. LLMs are the most advanced form of NLP.
Book context: General context
The market-leading knowledge graph database. Open-source. Used for understanding how contacts relate to opportunities, companies, etc.
Book context: Play 11; Appendix B
A web server tool used to set up a custom URL and SSL for your n8n instance. Can be configured via OpenCode.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1
A single step in a workflow. Each node does one thing: trigger, transform data, call an API, run AI, send a message. Nodes connect to form workflows.
Book context: Play 1; all Plays
An authorization standard that lets you securely connect tools (like n8n to Gmail) without sharing your password. You 'authorize' access through a login flow.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2; n8n setup
Software whose code is publicly available. Typically free, more flexible, and no vendor lock-in.
Book context: Quick Reference Guide; Ch. 6
The company behind GPT models and ChatGPT. Their enterprise API is used for extraction, classification, and structured output in this book.
Book context: Quick Ref; Ch. 6
A free tool that uses AI to configure servers and install software via natural language commands. Shortcut for n8n setup.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1
Work the firm does because it's always done it that way, not because there's no alternative. Typically 20-30% of total labor cost.
Book context: Ch. 2
An alternative meeting transcription tool.
Book context: Play 1 Prerequisites
An alternative e-signature and document automation platform.
Book context: Play 5
Data that can identify a specific individual: name, SSN, email, phone number. Must be handled carefully in AI workflows.
Book context: Security Chapter
A managed vector database for enterprise-level AI search. Zero infrastructure management but higher cost.
Book context: Play 11; Appendix B
A method where n8n checks a source (like email) at regular intervals (e.g., every 5 minutes) for new data. Alternative to webhooks.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2
The instruction or input you give to an AI model. Consists of a system message (role/rules) and a user message (specific task/data).
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2; all Plays
Software for managing projects, resources, and billing in services firms. An integration point for the Plays.
Book context: Ch. 6
A flexible open-source vector database for teams with some technical aptitude.
Book context: Appendix B
Deploying AI infrastructure so clients (and sometimes staff) don't know it's there. The firm appears more responsive and organized without visible AI.
Book context: Ch. 4
Restrictions on how many API calls you can make per minute/hour. AI model APIs have rate limits. Workflows need retry logic to handle this.
Book context: Appendix C
The most common type of API. Uses standard web addresses (URLs) to send and receive data. Every modern CRM has one.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2
A voice AI platform for building phone agents that handle inbound calls, qualify callers, and book meetings. Primary voice recommendation.
Book context: Play 2 - Voice Track
A standard format for subscribing to website updates. Used in n8n to monitor company news and press releases for trigger events.
Book context: Play 3
Running software on your own server (that you control) instead of using a vendor's cloud. Recommended for n8n in this book for data control and cost.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1; Ch. 6
Search based on meaning rather than exact keyword matching. Powered by embeddings and vector databases.
Book context: Play 11
AI's ability to classify the emotional tone of text (positive, neutral, negative / needs attention). Used in email logging and daily digests.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 2
A security compliance standard that verifies a vendor handles customer data securely. Table-stakes requirement for AI vendors.
Book context: Security Chapter
The time between a lead inquiry and first contact. The single highest-leverage variable in converting inbound to meetings.
Book context: Play 2
Encryption that protects data in transit (the 'https' in web addresses). Required for secure n8n access.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1
An open-source database platform with built-in vector search capabilities. Recommended for most firms in Play 11.
Book context: Play 11; Appendix B
An alternative voice AI platform for building phone agents.
Book context: Play 2 - Voice Track
The instruction given to an AI model that defines its role, rules, and output format. Stays consistent across interactions.
Book context: Play 1 prompts; all Plays
The point where a services firm can no longer grow without adding headcount - because human-judgment work hasn't been separated from automatable work.
Book context: Ch. 1
The structural problem where revenue growth in professional services leads to proportional headcount growth, keeping margins flat.
Book context: Ch. 2
The basic unit of text that AI models process. Roughly 1 token = 0.75 words. Relevant for API pricing and context limits.
Book context: General; pricing context
The massive text datasets used to build an LLM. Enterprise AI APIs explicitly do not train on your data - this is a key vendor question.
Book context: Security Chapter
The event that starts a workflow. Can be time-based (schedule), event-based (new email, webhook), or manual.
Book context: Ch. 4; all Plays
A change in a prospect's situation that creates a legitimate reason to re-engage: leadership change, funding, hiring, contract renewal, regulatory shift.
Book context: Play 3
A communications platform for sending SMS messages programmatically. Used in Play 8 for partner escalation notifications.
Book context: Play 8
A popular Linux operating system used for running servers. n8n self-hosting requires an Ubuntu server.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1
The specific data or question passed to the AI for a given task. In n8n, this is often the dynamic input (e.g., email content).
Book context: Play 1 prompts; all Plays
A database designed to store and search embeddings (numerical representations of text). Powers semantic search for Knowledge Base Q&A.
Book context: Play 11; Appendix B
A defined list of high-value clients (top 20 accounts) who receive emergency response treatment. Must be explicitly defined in the CRM.
Book context: Play 8
A remote computer you rent to run software like n8n. Providers: DigitalOcean, GCP, Azure. Costs $12-18/month.
Book context: Play 1 - Step 1
A way for one application to send real-time data to another when an event happens. Example: DocuSign sends a signal to n8n the moment a contract is signed.
Book context: Play 2; Play 5
A repository of past successful proposals organized by scope type, client profile, case summaries, and methodology. Feeds the RFP draft generator.
Book context: Play 4
A connected sequence of nodes in n8n that automates a process from trigger to output. Each Play contains one or more workflows.
Book context: All Plays
A popular workflow automation tool. Fine for simple automations but expensive at scale, less customizable than n8n.
Book context: Ch. 6; Appendix B
Tools Referenced in the Book
A quick reference for every tool mentioned in The AI Workforce Playbook - with a one-line description and direct link. Not an affiliate directory. Just a reader convenience.
n8n
Open-source workflow automation platform. The primary automation tool used throughout the book.
OpenAI API
The API layer for GPT models. Used for AI content generation, classification, and agent functions in the book's plays.
Anthropic / Claude
Alternative LLM provider. Strong for reasoning-heavy workflows and document processing.
Make (formerly Integromat)
Cloud-based automation platform. Comparable to n8n; better for teams that don't want to self-host.
Zapier
The most widely used automation platform. Best for simple, linear workflows. Limited at scale.
HubSpot
CRM platform referenced frequently in the plays. Strong API and native n8n integration.
Scribe
Automatically generates step-by-step how-to guides from screen recordings. Used throughout this resource center for setup walkthroughs.
Pinecone
Vector database for AI applications. Referenced in advanced data infrastructure plays.
Clay
Data enrichment and outreach automation platform. Referenced in lead qualification plays.
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